In Python, casting is the process of converting a variable from one type to another. Python has built-in functions for converting between data types.

Python is an object-oriented language, and variables are objects.
You can specify the data type using casting functions:

x = int(1)     # x will be 1
y = int(2.8)   # y will be 2
z = int("3")   # z will be 3

Converts a value to an integer. Works with floats and numeric strings.

x = int(1)      # 1
y = int(2.8)    # 2
z = int("3")    # 3
# w = int("abc")  # Error

Converts a value to a float. Works with integers and numeric strings.

a = float(1)      # 1.0
b = float("2.5")  # 2.5
c = float(3.0)    # 3.0

Converts numbers or other types into a string.

x = str("s1")   # 's1'
y = str(2)      # '2'
z = str(3.0)    # '3.0'

Some values can't be casted directly:

int("hello")     # ValueError
float("abc")     # ValueError

Use try/except to handle safely:

value = "abc"
try:
    number = int(value)
except ValueError:
    print("Invalid conversion")

• Use casting to convert types manually.
• Useful when handling user input, math, or data from files.
• Always validate input before casting to avoid errors.